Application Note
EELS elemental mapping of cryogenically frozen mitochondria in human retinal ganglion cells
August 1, 2025
Oxygen
Element density: 1.43 g/L
Electron configuration: [He]2s22p4
Oxidation states: -2
Edges
Explore electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) reference spectra, featuring major and minor edges used for elemental identification and chemical state analysis in materials research.
Major edges | |||
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K | 532 |
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Minor edges | |||
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L1 | 24 |
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Considerations
The O K-edge shows rich fine structure and chemical shifts identifying local bonding effects. Small changes in local bonding can have large effects on edge.
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Related spectral data
Al2O3 thin film (0 – 450 eV)
Material analyzed: Al2O3
Related elements: Aluminum, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 450
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 7.84e8; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.18; gain change factor = 654; 20 sweeps 20 ms dwell
Al2O3 thin film (0 – 3910 eV)
Material analyzed: Al2O3
Related elements: Aluminum, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 3910
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 7.33e9; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.18; gain change factor = 401; 100 sweeps 10 ms dwell
BaO particles on holey C film (0 – 1940 eV)
Material analyzed: BaO
Related elements: Barium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 1940
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 3.97e8; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.62; gain change factor = 673; 45 sweeps 16.67 ms dwell
CdO particles on holey C film (0 – 910 eV)
Material analyzed: CdO
Related elements: Cadmium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 910
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 2.49e9; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.24; gain change factor = 725; 110 sweeps 16.67 ms dwell
CaCO3 thin film (0 – 920 eV)
Material analyzed: CaCO3
Related elements: Carbon, Calcium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 920
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; from Ca evaporated onto NaCl; zero-loss peak intensity = 4.42e8; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.44; gain change factor = 513; 50 sweeps 20 ms dwell
CeO2 thin film (0 – 80 eV)
Material analyzed: CeO2
Related elements: Cerium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 80
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 0
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 1.27e9; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.25; gain change factor = 874; contamination; 20 sweeps 20 ms dwell
CeO2 thin film (0 – 380 eV)
Material analyzed: CeO2
Related elements: Cerium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 380
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 1.27e9; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.25; gain change factor = 874; contamination; 20 sweeps 20 ms dwell
CoO thin film (0 – 920 eV)
Material analyzed: CoO
Related elements: Cobalt, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 920
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 1.90e9; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.40; gain change factor = 884; 60 sweeps 20 ms dwell
Dy2O3 thin film (0 – 390 eV)
Material analyzed: Dy2O3
Related elements: Dysprosium, Oxygen
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 390
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 1.83e9; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.50; gain change factor = 667; 30 sweeps 10 ms dwell
Dy2O3 thin film (0 – 950 eV)
Material analyzed: Dy2O3
Related elements: Dysprosium, Oxygen
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 950
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS
Dy2O3 thin film (1220 – 1720 eV)
Material analyzed: Dy2O3
Related elements: Dysprosium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 120
Nominal energy range (eV): 1220 – 1720
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS
Er2O3 thin film (0 – 380 eV)
Material analyzed: Er2O3
Related elements: Erbium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 380
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 2.88e9; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.16; gain change factor = 792; 50 sweeps 10 ms dwell
Eu2O3 particles on holey C film (0 – 380 eV)
Material analyzed: Eu2O3
Related elements: Europium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 380
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 2.36e9; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.26; gain change factor = 792; 35 sweeps 10 ms dwell
Gd2O3 thin film (0 – 180 eV)
Material analyzed: Gd2O3
Related elements: Gadolinium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 180
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; 10 sweeps 16.67 ms dwell
Gd2O3 thin film (0 – 390 eV)
Material analyzed: Gd2O3
Related elements: Gadolinium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 390
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 4.91e8; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.73; gain change factor = 694; 21 sweeps 20 ms dwell
Gd2O3 thin film (940 – 1950 eV)
Material analyzed: Gd2O3
Related elements: Gadolinium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 940 – 1950
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; 15 sweeps 30 ms dwell
HfO2 particles on holey C film (0 – 3880 eV)
Material analyzed: HfO2
Related elements: Hafnium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 3880
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 8.21e8; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.39; gain change factor = 522; 70 sweeps 10 ms dwell
Ho2O3 thin film (0 – 390 eV)
Material analyzed: Ho2O3
Related elements: Holmium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 390
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 3.32e9; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.20; gain change factor = 826; 25 sweeps 20 ms dwell
In2O3 thin film (0 – 950 eV)
Material analyzed: In2O3
Related elements: Indium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 950
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 9.86e8; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.42; gain change factor = 703; 35 sweeps 30 ms dwell
In2O3 thin film (0 – 950 eV)
Material analyzed: In2O3
Related elements: Indium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 950
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 9.86e8; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.42; gain change factor = 703; 35 sweeps 30 ms dwell
IrO2 particle on holey C film (0 – 3870 eV)
Material analyzed: IrO2
Related elements: Iridium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 3870
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 1.39e9; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 1.0; gain change factor = 712; 55 sweeps 20 ms dwell
Fe2O3 thin film (0 – 930 eV)
Material analyzed: Fe2O3
Related elements: Iron, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 930
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 1.14e9; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.78; gain change factor = 278; 97 sweeps 20 ms dwell
La2O3 thin film (0 – 380 eV)
Material analyzed: La2O3
Related elements: Lanthanum, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 380
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 4.90e8; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.37; gain change factor = 826; 20 sweeps 10 ms dwell
Lu2O3 thin film (0 – 380 eV)
Material analyzed: Lu2O3
Related elements: Lutetium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 380
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 1.30e9; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.36; gain change factor = 680; 20 sweeps 10 ms dwell
MgO particles on holey C film (360 – 2390 eV)
Material analyzed: MgO
Related elements: Magnesium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 360 – 2390
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 1.7e6; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 1.1
MnO2 thin film (0 – 920 eV)
Material analyzed: MnO2
Related elements: Manganese, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 920
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 3.98e9; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.70; gain change factor = 580; 60 sweeps 10 ms dwell
MoO3 particle on holey C film (0 – 170 eV)
Material analyzed: MoO3
Related elements: Molybdenum, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 170
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; 15 sweeps 20 ms dwell
MoO3 particle on holey C film (0 – 920 eV)
Material analyzed: MoO3
Related elements: Molybdenum, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 920
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 1.33e9; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.35; gain change factor = 581; 45 sweeps 20 ms dwell
Nd2O3 thin film (0 – 170 eV)
Material analyzed: Nd2O3
Related elements: Neodymium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 170
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; 10 sweeps 16.67 ms dwell; and several single channel intensity glitches in spectrum
Nd2O3 thin film (0 – 380 eV)
Material analyzed: Nd2O3
Related elements: Neodymium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 380
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 1.13e9; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.55; gain change factor = 634; 10 sweeps 20 ms dwell
NiO thin film (0 – 960 eV)
Material analyzed: NiO
Related elements: Nickel, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 960
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 7.50e9; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.47; gain change factor = 1073; 220 sweeps 20 ms dwell
Nb2O5 particle on holey C film (0 – 920 eV)
Material analyzed: Nb2O5
Related elements: Niobium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 920
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 8.16e8; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.30; gain change factor = 206; 120 sweeps 20 ms dwell
PdO thin film (0 – 920 eV)
Material analyzed: PdO
Related elements: Palladium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 920
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; C contamination; zero-loss peak intensity = 1.34e9; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.33; gain change factor = 382; 190 sweeps 10 ms dwell
Pr6O11 thin film (0 – 380 eV)
Material analyzed: Pr6O11
Related elements: Praseodymium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 380
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 7.09e8; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.63; gain change factor = 826; 15 sweeps 20 ms dwell
Pr6O11 thin film (0 – 900 eV)
Material analyzed: Pr6O11
Related elements: Praseodymium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 900
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; 20 sweeps 30 ms dwell
Pr6O11 thin film (800 – 1350 eV)
Material analyzed: Pr6O11
Related elements: Praseodymium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 800 – 1350
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; 30 sweeps 20 ms dwell
Rh2O3 particle on holey C film (0 – 900 eV)
Material analyzed: Rh2O3
Related elements: Rhodium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 900
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 2.66e9; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.42; gain change factor = 778; 100 sweeps 20 ms dwell
Sm2O3 thin film (0 – 190 eV)
Material analyzed: Sm2O3
Related elements: Samarium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 190
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 1.46e9; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.20; gain change factor = 1349; 15 sweeps 20 ms dwell
Sc2O3 thin film (0 – 950 eV)
Material analyzed: Sc2O3
Related elements: Scandium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 950
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 7.98e8; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.34; gain change factor = 727; 35 sweeps 30 ms dwell
SiO2 foil, ion milled (0 – 460 eV)
Material analyzed: SiO2
Related elements: Silicon, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 120
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 460
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 1.73e8; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.44; gain change factor = 1095
SrO on holey C film (0 – 170 eV)
Material analyzed: SrO
Related elements: Strontium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 170
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; originally SrCO3 particles, reduced to SrO by irradiation; 7 sweeps 16.67 ms dwell
SrO on holey C film (0 – 920 eV)
Material analyzed: SrO
Related elements: Strontium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 920
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; originally SrCO3 particles, reduced to SrO by irradiation; zero-loss peak intensity = 6.82e8; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.94; gain change factor = 633; 20 ms dwell; 40 sweeps
SrO on holey C film (1820 – 2840 eV)
Material analyzed: SrO
Related elements: Strontium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 120
Nominal energy range (eV): 1820 – 2840
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 21
Notes: Serial EELS; originally SrCO3 particles, reduced to SrO by irradiation; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.2
Ta oxide amorphous thin film (0 – 3910 eV)
Material analyzed: TaO
Related elements: Oxygen, Tantalum
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 3910
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 3.56e9; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.37; gain change factor = 395; 60 ms dwell; 60 sweeps; fuzzy rings
Tb2O3 thin film (0 – 380 eV)
Material analyzed: Tb2O3
Related elements: Terbium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 380
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 9.21e8; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.78; gain change factor = 641; 15 sweeps 20 ms dwell
Tm2O3 thin film (0 – 380 eV)
Material analyzed: Tm2O3
Related elements: Thulium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 380
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 1.30e9; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.41; gain change factor = 788; 12 sweeps 20 ms dwell
Sn thin film (0 – 180 eV)
Material analyzed: Sn
Related elements: Tin
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 180
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; 20 sweeps 16.67 ms dwell; all analog
Sn thin film (0 – 910 eV)
Material analyzed: Sn
Related elements: Tin
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 910
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 6.44e8; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.48; gain change factor = 594; 70 sweeps 16.67 ms dwell
TiO2 thin film (0 – 960 eV)
Material analyzed: TiO2
Related elements: Titanium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 960
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 6.20e8; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.51; gain change factor = 658; 40 sweeps 20 ms dwell
U oxide on holey C film with GC (0 – 180 eV)
Material analyzed: UO
Related elements: Uranium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 180
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; mixed U oxide particles; zero-loss peak intensity = 1.08e9; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.19; gain change factor = 243; 10 ms dwell
Yb2O3 thin film (0 – 380 eV)
Material analyzed: Yb2O3
Related elements: Ytterbium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 380
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 3.92e9; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.24; gain change factor = 1234; 25 sweeps 20 ms dwell
Y2O3 thin film (0 – 950 eV)
Material analyzed: Y2O3
Related elements: Yttrium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 950
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 8.28e8; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.73; gain change factor = 594; 35 sweeps 30 ms dwell
ZrO2 thin film (0 – 920 eV)
Material analyzed: ZrO2
Related elements: Zirconium, Oxygen
Data contributor: Gatan
Beam energy (keV): 200
Nominal energy range (eV): 0 – 920
Collection semi-angle effective (mrad): 100
Notes: Serial EELS; zero-loss peak intensity = 7.72e8; total elastic int. / zero-loss int. = 0.26; gain change factor = 211; 110 sweeps 20 ms dwell
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